Energy output is a complex matter. We all need a certain amountof carbohydrates to ensure that our glycogen stores are fully stocked to ensure we can perform to our optimum ability during exercise. This is an accepted fact. Slightly more complicated is the matter of pre-workout energy continuation and post workout glycogen replenishment. Different carbohydrate sources with different Glycemic measurements are required to satisfy these varying requirements. It’s additionally important that along with the triple-charged carbohydrate content of Battery +/- 3™, amino acids that are vital to the muscle preservation process are also included.

This is why PhD invented Battery +/-3™.

Step 1- Long and mid-term energy- Battery+/-3™ contains fructose and maltodextrin to ensure that when taken before and during exercise, the blood sugar spike will not be so great that it impairs long and mid-term performance. Fructose has a low glycemic rating (GI 23) so it’s conversion to blood sugar is slow and steady. Maltodextrin has been used throughout the years as a complex carbohydrate, though in reality, it is sufficient for mid-term energy storage and additionally effective when used post exercise to replenish glycogen stores and ensure complete and efficient recovery from training.

Step 2- Immediate glycogen replenishment- High Impact carbs!- Dextrose monohydrate has a high-glycemic rating ensuring immediate and effective glycogen replenishment and an instant elevation of blood sugar for complete recovery. This particular process becomes vital upon the conclusion of a workout. This is the period when glycogen reserves have been drained and need immediate replenishment.

Step 3- Added Branched Chain Amino Acids and L-Glutamine- BCAA’s are considered the critical cluster of amino acids, the most vital of all.
PhD Nutrition consider Leucine, Iso-leucine and Valine as integral inclusions within Battery+/-3™ for the important role they play in helping the body preserve muscle tissue throughout times of stress and during  and after periods of intense exercise.
Leucine, Iso-leucine and Valine have long been heralded within the sports nutrition world. BCAA’s are needed for the maintenance of muscle tissue and appear to preserve muscle stores of glycogen (1, 2).
This ensures an anabolic and anti-catabolic environment, therefore minimising any potential muscle-loss whilst maximising the potential for muscle repair. Due to this glycogen-sparing action, BCAA’s may help prevent muscle breakdown during exercise. L-Glutamine is one of the most used supplements within sports nutrition and in particularly the body building world. Famed for its ability to aid in the anti-catabolic process, L-Glutamine is a vital inclusion within Battery+/-3™

	per 100G	per 60G (3 scoops)	per 40G(2scoops)
Energy	1454kj/348kcal	872.4kj/208.8kcal	581kj/139.2kcal
Protein	2.4 G	1.45G	1 G
Carbohydrates	84.78G	50.87 G	33.91 G
Sugars	66.55G	39.93 G	26.62 G
Fat	Trace	Trace	Trace
Saturates	Trace	Trace	Trace
Dietary fibre	Nil	Nil	Nil
Sodium	200mg	100mg	80mg
Potassium	500mg	300mg	200mg
Calcium	100mg	60mg	40mg
Magnesium	140mg	84mg	56mg

PhD Nutrition’s Tri-carb max ™ (Dextrose, Fructose, Maltodextrin) Citric acid, Flavouring, PhD Nutrition’s iso-hydrate ™ (Potassium chloride, magnesium phosphate, calcium phosphate, sodium), PhD Nutrition’s recover-X4 ™ (Leucine, Iso-leucine, valine, L-Glutamine), sweetener.